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Veliki
Preslav, the ancient capital of Bulgaria, has been an interesting
subject for research work for ages. Its past and the remains have
always excited researchers and scientists. The glory of the capital
was well known even far back in the heyday of the Ottoman Empire. Its
grandeur has attracted many historians, travellers and geographers and
they all have been tempted to explore and describe the ruins preserved
in Veliki Preslav. What we know today is thanks to the writings, maps
and sketches of people like Jakov Bongarius, Luidji Marsili,
Petar-Bogdan Backshev, Hadji Kalfa, Felix Kanitz and many other. The
real boom in Preslavian ruins research, however, started no sooner
than 19th c. when many enlighteners and patriots decided to devote
their lives to search proofs for and traces from the glorious distant
past of the town. After the liberation from Turkish Yoke in 1878 and
once an independent state system was established, it became easeir in
the new conditions to start a better scientifically justified research
of ancient Preslav. In 19th c. (in the 80s-to be more precise),
K.Irechek - a historian, toured the whole region and described
everything he found. Later on, V.Zlatarski-another prominent figure,
made the first probes where the Palaces were considered to have been.
In 1905, the academician F.Uspenski-director of the Rissian
Archeological Institute in Konstantinopolus, was invited to research
the ruins in the ancient capital. He was discouraged by the outcome of
his research and the poor findings and discoveries. The scientist
wrote a report to royal prince Ferdinand explaining that
unfortunately, Preslav had been ravaged to a great extent and that
"...the ruins are of no particular scientific interest". Different,
however, proved to be the opinion of a Preslavian teacher and
researcher - Jordan Gospodinov, who together with K.Shkorpil
established in the fall of 1906 the Prealavian Archeological
Association named "Ticha". Thanks to that civil organization, the
excavations in Patleina (to the south from the town) became possible
in 1909. The very first findings were striking. An imposing 9th or
10th century monastery compound was found with unfamiliar by then
magnificent examples of fine ceramics, which today is known among
scientists as the Preslavian Painted Ceramics. Among the findings
there was a monumental icon of St.Theodor. The parts of the icon were
later put back together. From that moment on, comments and discussions
started and all Preslavian discoveries became famous worldwide.
In 1927, as a commemoration of one thousand years since the death of
tsar Simeon, Jordan Gospodinov and K.Shkorpil undertook excavations of
a huge hill situated about three hundred metres southwards off the
Palace. Owing to military back-up and help, hard work advanced really
fast. Soon, the ruins of a building with a very interesting and
original architecture planning and marble flooring were uncovered. The
whole mound was filled with a great number of marble pieces and
various slabs of the already known kind of ceramics - painted eramics.
The amazing success was the reason why Kr.Mijatev - curator of
Medieval Department- was sent the very next year (1928) from the
National Archeological Museum in Sofia to guide and be in charge of
the researches. It was the circular form of the nave that misled
researchers for they recognized the whole place as the "Golden Church"
dating back to 907 and which was mentioned by the monk Tudor Doksov.
The newly found church was given the name,"The Round/Golden Church"
and under that name is has been known until now.
Consequently, N.Mavrodinov, V.Mavrodinova, I.Zhandova, St.Stanchev,
T.Totev, D.Ovcharov and many other of the most prominent Bulgarian
experts took part in the yearly planned researches that were launched
in Preslav after WWII. As a result, there were found enormous building
sites in the Palace centre, bathrooms, estates and monasteries in the
Inner Town and the periphery. It was possible to trace down two
fortress walls enclosing a territory of 3,5 square kilometres. The
King's Palace, the Patriarch's Palace, the civil housing site in
Selishte, the Palace Monastery, the monasteries in Avradaka and
Tuzlaluka are the most remarkable landmarks. There were also
discovered some new workshops for the production of painted ceramic
icons, ornamental slabstones and table ceramics. A great number of
lead seals dating back to the Byzantine administrative system in the
town was found in a solid building in the Inner Town. Now, the seals
comprise one of the most precious sfragistic collections in the world.
In 1978, in the surroundings of the ancient capital, farmers found
golden jewelry inlaid with enamel, precious stones and pearls. This is
the Preslavian Golden Treasure which has been exhibited in many famous
museums all over the world. Nowadays, most of the transportable
artifacts are kept and exhibited in the Preslavian Archeological
Museum. As to the rest of the significant architectural monuments, the
convenient tourist infrastructure makes it possible to go sightseeing
and feel the spirit of the ancient grandeur of Preslav.
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